Ordinary Ceramics
- Cov khoom tseem ceeb: av nplaum, feldspar, quartz.
- Lub ntsiab crystalline theem: Mullite.
- Cov yam ntxwv: Zoo processability thiab formability, tsis tshua muaj nqi, siab tso zis ntau lawm. Dhau li ntawm kev siv niaj hnub- siv ceramics thiab porcelain, nws kuj yog siv dav hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, tshuaj, kev tsim kho, textiles, thiab lwm yam kev lag luam.
Alumina ceramics
- Cov khoom tseem ceeb: Feem ntau Al₂O₃, muaj ib qho me me ntawm SiO₂.
- Kev faib tawm: Raws li Al₂O₃ cov ntsiab lus, nws muab faib ua 75% alumina ceramics (tseem hu ua corundum-mullite ceramics), 95% alumina ceramics, thiab 99% alumina ceramics (tseem hu ua corundum ceramics).
- Yam ntxwv: Zoo siab -kub tsis kam, siv tau txog 1950 degree; zoo heev hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev thiab hnav tsis kam; microcrystalline corundum muaj qhov nyuaj siab heev (thib ob rau pob zeb diamond).
- Daim ntawv thov: dav siv los ua cov ntaub ntawv refractory, xws li refractory cib, crucibles, lub tes tsho thermocouple, txiav cov cuab yeej rau quenched steel, hlau kos duab tuag, spark plugs rau sab hauv combustion engine, foob pob ua ntxaij thiab missile fairings, thiab bearings, thiab lwm yam Silicon nitride (Si·N·) ceramics
- Structure: Ib qho khoom sib koom ua ke uas muaj xws li Si·N· tetrahedra.
- Cov yam ntxwv: siab zog, tshwj xeeb lub zog, thiab tshwj xeeb modulus; hardness thib ob tsuas yog pob zeb diamond thiab boron carbide; tsawg coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam; tsawg coefficient ntawm thermal expansion; siab thermal shock tsis kam; siab chemical stability.
- Daim ntaub ntawv: Siv rau qhov chaw uas muaj cov duab yooj yim thiab tsis tshua muaj qhov yuav tsum tau ua, xws li cov cuab yeej txiav thiab siab -kub bearings; kuj tseem siv rau qhov chaw nrog cov duab nyuaj thiab qhov yuav tsum tau muaj qhov raug siab, xws li cov khoom siv foob pob.
Silicon carbide (SiC) ceramics
- Structure: Ib qho siv lead ua sib raug zoo los ntawm covalent bonds muaj zog heev.
- Kev npaj: Tsim los ntawm kev txo qis ntawm silica xuab zeb (SiO·) nrog coke ntawm qhov kub thiab txias.
- Yam ntxwv: Siab siab -kub muaj zog; zoo heev hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj, thiab creep kuj; siab thermal conductivity, thib ob tsuas yog beryllium oxide ceramics.
- Daim ntaub ntawv: Siv nyob rau hauv kev tsim cov foob pob ua ntxaij nozzles, caj pas rau casting hlau, thermocouple sheaths, rauv hlab, roj turbine hniav thiab bearings, twj tso kua mis seals, hlau kos tuag, thiab lwm yam.
Zirconium Oxide Ceramics
- Crystal Transformation: Cubic theem - Tetragonal theem - Monoclinic theem. Kev hloov pauv ntawm tetragonal mus rau theem monoclinic yog nrawm heev, yooj yim ua rau tawg ntawm cov khoom.
- Stabilization Treatment: Ntxiv qee cov oxides (xws li CaO, MgO, Y₂O₃, thiab lwm yam) tuaj yeem tsim cov kua dej ruaj khov, hu ua tag nrho stabilized zirconia (FSZ); txo cov oxides ntxiv, kom qee cov oxides muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tetragonal theem, hu ua ib nrab stabilized zirconia (PSZ).
- Cov yam ntxwv: Ib feem stabilized zirconia muaj cov thermal conductivity tsawg thiab zoo thermal rwb thaiv tsev; ib tug loj coefficient ntawm thermal expansion, ze rau cov hlau siv nyob rau hauv lub cav; siab dabtsi yog khoov zog thiab puas toughness.
- Daim ntaub ntawv: Ntxiv rau kev siv nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, nws tau dhau los ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob zoo, xws li lub tog raj kheej lub tog raj kheej, lub tog raj kheej, lub tog raj kheej, lub kaus mom piston, lub rooj zaum valve, cams, bearings, thiab lwm yam.